International trade is at the heart of the interconnected global economic system. This activity involves the exchange of goods and services between countries, resulting in a significant impact on the global economy. With increasing demand for products and services, international trade creates opportunities for innovation and industrial development. First of all, international trade drives economic growth. Countries that are open to trade can leverage their resources and competitive advantages. For example, countries rich in natural resources can export commodities at high prices, while countries with advanced technology can export value-added products. This increases national income and creates jobs. Second, international trade contributes to market diversification. Companies that export have access to a wider market. This diversification not only reduces dependence on the domestic market, but also protects the business from economic fluctuations. When one market experiences a decline, the company still has other markets that it can rely on. Third, international trade encourages innovation and competition. When companies compete in global markets, they are required to improve product quality and efficiency. Innovation is the key to maintaining a position in the market. Countries that encourage research and development through trade policies will see increased competitiveness at the global level. However, negative impacts must also be considered. International trade can cause social injustice. Certain sectors may experience losses, leading to increased unemployment in uncompetitive industries. In addition, dependence on imports can make the country vulnerable to the global economic crisis. Openness to trade can improve the economy, but it also requires countries to implement fair and inclusive policies. This includes protection of less developed domestic industries, as well as strengthening social networks for workers affected by structural changes in the economy. International trade also plays an important role in environmental issues. In the era of free trade, the environment is often neglected for the sake of economic gain. However, trade agreements that prioritize sustainability can integrate environmental issues into economic policy, encouraging greener production practices. Additionally, digitalization has changed the face of international trade. E-commerce provides opportunities for small and medium businesses to engage in global markets without the need for large investments. Developing countries can take advantage of digital platforms to export products and services, bringing new economic opportunities. As the world becomes more connected, collaboration between countries needs to be increased. International forums such as the WTO and APEC play an important role in facilitating dialogue and negotiations regarding trade policy. This cooperation is important to create fair and sustainable trade, supporting inclusive growth for all countries. International trade is not without challenges. Political unrest, protectionist policies and global health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic can create obstacles. Rapid response and adaptation to change is key to maximizing the benefits of international trade. In the context of the global economy, the impact of international trade is very complex. Although it brings many opportunities, the challenges it faces require serious attention from various stakeholders. With supportive policies and a deep understanding of trade dynamics, countries can navigate challenges and achieve maximum benefits.